Solar panels are collections of photovoltaic cells (or solar cells) made from silicon and other conductive elements. Each of these cells have positive and negative layers to establish an electric field. Light hitting the cell releases electrons from their atoms to flow through the electric field, which creates electricity. Photovoltaic (PV) is the method used for converting sunlight into direct current electricity. PV modules are made up of small solar cells that are wired together and sealed between a plastic backing and a tempered glass cover, which is wrapped in an aluminum frame to allow for safe mounting.
When those solar cells are struck by particles of light from the sun, or photons, the cells generate an electrical charge that moves electrons in a steady current from one side of the cell to another. Multiple panels are connected together, creating an array, to maximize their hours of exposure to direct sunlight. The solar modules create direct current (DC) power that is converted to alternating current (AC) power (which is used by the appliances in your home), helping to offset your electric bill.